Generative AI (GenAI) – A New Era of Computing

Lavinia Spatariu, June 4th, 2023

As organizations generate more and more data and the relationships between different data points are becoming more complex, it’s important to leverage data analytics and AI in order to identify patterns and predict outcomes. 

Generative AI or GenAI goes a step further and enables the generation of content such as images, videos, text, audio and 3D models by using the knowledge gained from existing data to generate unique, complex and realistic outputs. For this reason, we are seeing  it commonly implemented in the design, gaming or entertainment industries. As terrifying as it sounds, GenAI manages to achieve human-like creativity and its use cases will grow exponentially over the coming years and expand across multiple verticals. We are also seeing innovation in healthcare where synthetic medical data is used to train Machine Learning models in order to design new drug formulas or clinical trials. 

Some of the most common use cases for Generative AI include:

  • Chatbots used in customer service, sales and technical support;
  • Creating art pieces; 
  • Creating a particular style of music and generating human-like voices;
  • Creating entire adverts, films (and improving dubbing);
  • Writing resumes, emails, essays and even creating dating profiles;
  • Creating deepfakes for mimicking specific individuals such as celebrities or historical figures;

Probably the most widely adopted GenAI capability is text generation. ChatGPT has already reached 100 million users and there is a constant need to expand its capacity and availability to end users as Natural Language Processing and content creation are more critical than ever before. 

The successful adoption and integration of Generative AI generally depends on more than just technology. People, operations, awareness of responsible AI practices, data governance, existing systems and of course change management. Digital transformation is already a journey in itself for most organizations, however a new approach will be needed for successful implementation as generative AI is developing at a very fast pace. Those organizations which can swiftly adapt their strategies and evolve their processes by integrating GenAI will be able to gain a competitive advantage and what we’re noticing is a division and an increasingly wider gap in efficiency between those entities which are leveraging AI and those which are not. 

One very important aspect of successful planning and implementation is having all the key stakeholders involved in the process from the early stages. Such stakeholders can include senior leadership, IT management, Operations, HR and Legal. An early assessment of various business needs (which are constantly evolving), viability, readiness and applicability will ultimately constitute the main factors for either success or failure and will have a long-term impact on the business itself. 

Large tech companies such as Microsoft are moving fast when it comes to adding generative AI capabilities into mainstream workplace applications. In March, Microsoft announced Office 365 Copilot and Dynamics 365 Copilot. “Copilot combines the power of large language models with your data and apps to turn your words into the most powerful productivity tool on the planet,” Jared Spataro, Microsoft Corporate VP said in a press release.

The gradual integration of AI capabilities into products or services we already use in our day-to-day lives will have a profound impact on how we live our lives, how we communicate and even on who we are as individuals. The sheer concept of identity is changing. It is absolutely vital for humanity to continue to learn, grow and decide how far AI should go.

Cloud Sales Interviews: 6 Mistakes You Will Never Make Again And What To Say Instead

Lavinia Spatariu | May 17th, 2022

The IT Cloud Sales industry is booming. The demand for cloud consultants, business development representatives and cloud architects is higher than ever before and it makes sense since most organisations are migrating some or all of their IT assets to the cloud and may need some assistance with their projects. The skill set required for a Cloud Consultant usually involves a mix of sales skills, a foundational level of technical knowledge and the willingness to keep learning.

Organisations may have a different hiring process and hiring managers or recruiters may have a different interviewing style but everyone is looking for a few core skills and preferably relevant industry experience.

The points I make below are observations and personal thoughts based on a long history of interviews conducted for various roles in the cloud consulting business. This article is not associated with or written on behalf of any named organization or institution and any references to specific cloud providers or their products is arbitrary. Following the guidance below is completely optional – but may lead to success!

Let’s take a look at some specific interview questions and considerations. What should you say, what should you avoid and what recruiters may think of some of your answers. If you are determined to land this job and probably very eager to come across in the best possible way, read on.

Mistake # 1 Associating yourself with your current or with a previous employer

Question: “I see you currently work for ABC company. Is your role customer-facing?”, “Does it involve solution selling or making discovery calls?” Or any other question about a current or previous employer and the candidate’s experience with them.

Answer: “Yes, we sell a custom-built CRM solution. We launched our business back in 2010 and have experienced growth etc. We have over 500 Enterprise customers and have acquired 5 companies. We work with customers and offer them our solution through our unique platform.”

Why it’s wrong: You are looking to leave your company and looking for your next opportunity. If you associate yourself with your current or past employer and you advocate for them, you pitch their business, you feel attached to them and consider yourself an integral part of the company, it means you are not ready to leave yet or to start a new journey. It may not have been your decision to leave the company and you wish you had continued with them or maybe you think showing dedication and commitment for a previous employer will demonstrate to your next employer that you will be just as dedicated to their business. In reality unfortunately it only indicates to them that you are not ready to move on. Plus, your interviewer is looking to understand if your past experience has prepared you for the role they are looking to fill and if you possess the relevant skills for it. They do not want to hear a pitch of another company’s services and growth and become their customer.

What to do instead: Think about the question you’re being asked. Think about how you can translate your past work experience and if your skills can be transferred to the role you are applying for. Think about the job description you read and if you have the exact expertise required or hands-on experience with a similar product or technology. Speak about yourself and avoid saying “we”. Visualise yourself doing the job and being part of the new company. In that context it may make sense to say “we” or “us”.

Mistake # 2 Making it clear to the recruiter you’re actually interested in a higher-ranked position than the one you are interviewing for (in the same company)

It’s absolutely normal to want to establish yourself and grow inside an organization. Showing that you have long-term goals and that you want to be successful is a great thing to showcase to a future employer. What doesn’t help though is making it clear from the start of the interview that the role you’re applying for is beneath you and you want to progress very quickly, especially when you don’t have the skills and experience needed for the other role.

Why it’s wrong: The company is currently hiring for a specific role and they expect you to perform and be fully committed to that role. There might be flexibility and other opportunities down the road but right now this is what they need from you and showing a lack of interest will indicate you are not a great fit.

What to do instead: Ask clarifying questions about the position currently on offer. Make sure to understand the day-to-day tasks and responsibilities as well as the targets and expectations. Ask about training opportunities, readiness and ongoing learning materials. Ask about the organisational structure, the team you would be part of and teamwork opportunities. Ask about potential mentorship. Make it clear you are interested in doing your best work and that you want to contribute to the success of this team or campaign or project. Make it clear you are ready to learn and that you understand learning never stops when you work with cloud technologies. Show your passion and your determination but understand that moving into a more technically-advanced role requires time, great performance and results as well as role availability.

Mistake # 3 Applying for a role in technology and not be willing to keep learning

Technology is always evolving and we must evolve with it. New products and cloud services are released all the time and you must be aware of these changes, their benefits and how their impact your customers.

Why it’s wrong: There is nothing worse than speaking with a customer and providing them with outdated information and then expecting them to buy from you or even to continue the conversation. No one can know everything of course or have advanced ninja-level expertise in every single solution area but we must strive to at least have an overview within the scope of our role and make sure we leverage the training and coaching opportunities offered to us. Technology will never be a stagnant industry where we can lay back and say that we now know everything there is to know. Tell a recruiter you already know everything about networking or security services and their decision about your suitability for the role will be made then and there. Microsoft Learn’s motto #alwayslearning is remarkable. Learning is simply an integral part of life.

What to do instead: Gain an understanding of the level of knowledge necessary to be successful in this role. Enquire about e-learning, live coaching and role-playing opportunities. If unsure, ask about the starting point in the learning journey. Look into official certifications and study materials offered by the relevant cloud provider. Ask about existing top performing individuals and their level of knowledge. Top tip: take the initiative to look into self-serve training and certification exams before the interview and ask about additional readiness resources as if you’re ready to start preparing for your new job (regardless of the outcome of the interview!). This displays passion and a proactive approach to learning. Very often this is more important than your actual technical knowledge.

Mistake # 4 Asking the recruiter very personal and inappropriate questions

This one is very simple.

Fine to ask about: The interviewer’s own career growth inside the company; their motivations for staying with the company; their own level of technical expertise and their length of service.

Not fine to ask about: Age, marital status, physical appearance, if they have any children, their sexual orientation or religious beliefs, their political beliefs, their annual income. Also not appropriate to try to persuade the interviewer to quit their job and go travelling with you!

What to do instead: Be respectful and professional and focus on the job.

Mistake # 5 Referencing your personal end-user experience with software when asked if you have experience in selling it

What I mean by this is being asked if you have ever discussed the value and benefits of desktop productivity and collaboration applications with commercial customers in a sales/consulting role before and your response being “I use Word and Excel sometimes”.

Why it’s wrong: This type of answer will unfortunately not only show that you do not have the necessary experience but that you may have misunderstood the question or that you did understand it but are trying to hide your lack of relevant work experience. It will also lead to the recruiter probably rephrasing and asking the question again.

What to do instead: Admit that you do not have experience in selling the specific product and bring up the most relevant experience you have with a similar or somewhat related product. Storytelling is great too. As is the desire to learn.

Mistake # 6 Lying on your resume or during the interview

Goes without saying. Don’t lie. The truth will come out eventually and if you have no skill or competence for the job, you will lose it and face a world of embarrassment on your way out. Honesty is the best policy. See my point above regarding the willingness to learn and its importance over other aspects.

I hope some of this has been useful and insightful.

Thank you for reading!

Historical Microsoft Product Name Changes (2014-2022)

Lavinia Spatariu | March 15th, 2022

As Microsoft products and technology evolve, so do the product terminology and offerings. Some product names are slightly changed whilst others are completely replaced. Branding is always aligned with strategy and long-term goals. Below I have tried to highlight some of the most important Microsoft product name changes which have occurred in the last 8 years and have categorized them by solution area. If you can think of additional changes, please let me know in the comments and I will be happy to add them!

NEW LIVE EXAM: AZ-305

Lavinia Spatariu | Feb 9th, 2022

Exam AZ-305 Designing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions is officially out of Beta! 

If you already took the exam whilst in Beta, you will receive your score in the next 10 working days and regardless of the result, I admire you for the courage and grit needed to attempt a Beta exam!

If you’re planning to start studying for the Azure Solutions Architect Expert certification, the best thing to do is to have a look at the Exam content (skills measured). It’s important to understand the different technologies involved in architecting an Azure environment as well as some of the specific topics which will be present in the exam itself.

Generally, expertise is needed in networking, security, storage, virtualization, disaster recovery, data, identity and governance. I have received a lot of feedback around the fact that there is a heavy focus on networking in this exam and so it may be a good idea to have a look at the learning path for the AZ-700 Designing and Implementing Microsoft Azure Networking Solutions in preparation for AZ-305.

There are several ways to gain the Azure Solutions Architect Expert certification depending on whether you already passed AZ-104 (Azure Administrator Associate), AZ-300/301 (both retired) or AZ-303/304 (will retire on March 31st, 2022).

From the announcement

Exam Prep Strategy

  1. Start with the Microsoft Learn – Study Paths for AZ-305

2. Once the Microsoft Learn path has been completed, this AZ-305 Study Guide from Thomas Maurer can help fill in any knowledge gaps as he is providing the relevant Microsoft Docs pages for all the topics covered in the exam.

3. Probably needless to mention that John Savill is an absolute legend in the world of Microsoft certification training. This is the Study Cram he recorded for AZ-305 in Nov 2021.

4. Try these FREE practice questions to test your knowledge!

Question 1

You have an Azure subscription which has a Blob container with multiple blobs. Fifteen users in your company’s Accounting department plan to access the blobs during the month of March. You need to recommend a solution to enable access to the blobs during the month of March only. Which security solution should you include in the recommendation?

  • A. Shared Access Signatures (SAS)
  • B. Conditional Access policies
  • C. Certificates
  • D. Access Keys

Question 2

You are designing a large Azure environment that will contain many subscriptions. You plan to use Azure Policy as part of a governance solution. To which three scopes can you assign Azure Policy definitions? Each correct answer presents a complete solution.

  • A. Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) administrative units
  • B. Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) tenants
  • C. Subscriptions
  • D. Compute resources
  • E. Resource Groups
  • F. Management groups

Question 3

You need to recommend a solution to generate a monthly report of all the new Azure Resource Manager (ARM) resource deployments in your Azure subscription. What should you include in the recommendation?

  • A. Azure Activity Log
  • B. Azure Advisor
  • C. Azure Analysis Services
  • D. Azure Monitor action groups

5. Ready?….Set?….Schedule the official AZ-305 exam with Pearson Vue here and good luck!!

Other Resources

Certification guidesGeneral exam information
Microsoft Certification Poster (Feb 2022)

Journey to AZ-305 Certification Training and Certification Guide
Exam policies and FAQs

About online exams with Pearson Vue

Exam duration and question types

Three Futuristic Data Storage Solutions 

Lavinia Spatariu | Jan 7th, 2022

Can you imagine your personal information being stored in a DNA molecule or at the bottom of an abandoned mine? Seems unfathomable but the technologies are already being developed.

The need to preserve data is a fundamental human need. It’s natural to want to leave something behind, to make a difference in the world through innovation, to create something that we will be remembered for. In the same way in which our children are our most valuable legacy for the future, the data we generate will tell stories of events, habits, human and chatbot interactions and probably all the small things we find meaningful on a daily basis. Ancient civilizations used cave carvings and paintings for the same reason. All we need to do is make sure we find the most durable, cost-effective, sustainable and efficient storage solution.

DNA Storage

They say every movie ever made could fit into a space the size of a sugar cube and all the world’s data could fit into a cup of coffee. Storing data in artificial DNA molecules is a very appealing form of storage due to the fact that it is reliable, it can last thousands of years and it takes very little space. A DNA molecule consists of 4 chemical units called adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. The technology uses binary code to encode the information and the formatting can vary. 

Synthesising and sequencing the DNA blocks takes little time but it is very costly. At present it costs $1 trillion to produce 1 petabyte of DNA data and as a result, this method may not be commercially feasible for some time yet. One other consideration is the required access frequency. This method is best suited for data which needs to be archived for a long time rather than accessed often or rewritten. 

Specific maintenance conditions such as low temperature, the fact that DNA storage is currently more error-prone than traditional methods and the fact that once written the data is incredibly difficult to query mean that further research and development are needed before this option will be available at large-scale.

Pros

  • Long-lasting;
  • Compact;
  • Reliable.

Cons

  • High cost for read/write;
  • Cannot be used for frequently accessed data;
  • Low storage temperature required;
  • Higher error rate than traditional storage methods;
  • Difficult to query. 

5D Optical Storage

Who would have thought that terabytes of data can be carved into small glass discs by using lasers? The durability and storage capacity of quartz glass means that data can be stored for billions of years and can survive significantly large-scale natural disasters (very high thermal stability of 1800 degrees F). Data is written and retrieved through a femtosecond laser system and is encoded in multiple layers. Density is also a big advantage as hundreds of terabytes can fit into a single monolithic 12-cm diameter disc. This is possible due to an innovative optical storage technique called birefringence. In simple terms, this refers to the way in which light is reflected through glass by making use of a 5-dimensional model. Another reason why optical storage is a great option is because the glass surface allows stored data to be erased and rewritten. This is a great advantage when thinking about efficient data lifecycle management.

While there are great benefits for using 5D optical storage in the future, there is no certainty that this option will be viable for large-scale commercial use. The technology is currently being developed by the research team at the University of Southampton, UK and it is unlikely that other institutions or organizations will be able to provide the same advanced optical technology thus making scalability challenging. The actual process of writing the data is expensive, takes time and requires a very specific skill set and expertise which is not easy to find or develop.

Pros:

  • High durability;
  • High density;
  • High capacity;
  • Erase & rewrite flexibility.

Cons:

  • Slow development;
  • Not easy to scale;
  • Data writing is expensive.

Unique Location: Abandoned Mines

Underground cloud sounds like an oxymoron but it may become reality as abandoned limestone mines actually offer perfect conditions for hosting an efficient and secure data center. This type of environment provides consistent temperatures, humidity and is not affected by extreme weather. As Security is one of the main considerations for a data center, old mines make ideal locations for storing sensitive data used by governments, healthcare or financial organizations as their exact coordinates are kept secret from the public (although this also means that marketing the mine is not easy). Mines also have a single point of entry which makes access more secure.

On the downside, location planning is challenging due to the limited number of suitable mines in existence. For this reason, creating paired regions or availability zones for data redundancy would most likely be impossible. The initial setup is also cumbersome as installing the required infrastructure and networking is both laborious and costly.

Pros:

  • Ideal conditions (temperature, humidity);
  • Unaffected by extreme weather;
  • Security (single entrance, secret location).

Cons:

  • Difficulty in installing fibre optic internet connections;
  • Secret location makes it difficult to market;
  • Location choice and data redundancy options are limited.

Although each storage method has its own advantages and pitfalls, the reality is that storing data securely, reliably and cost-effectively is top-of-mind and a priority for all consumers, organizations and governments and keeping up-to-date with available technologies is critical. IoT, AI and the rise in analytical tools will make data the most valuable asset in the world and storing it efficiently will benefit not just us but generations to come.

NEW LIVE Azure Exams: AZ-800/801 Windows Server Hybrid

Lavinia Spatariu | Sep 16, 2021 | Updated Feb 24, 2022

Migrating infrastructures to the cloud takes time. There is no doubt about it. The more complex the environment, the longer it will take to evaluate, test, architect and implement. Add industry-specific compliance requirements related to data privacy or residence and the possibility of a full migration becomes a long-term challenge. Some organizations are born in the cloud but for many of them, a hybrid deployment or even a multi-cloud architecture will work best. 

This may probably be the idea behind the two new Azure certifications focused on configuring and managing hybrid Windows Server on-premises and as IaaS in Azure.

AZ-800 Administering Windows Server Hybrid Core Infrastructure

Certification title: Windows Server Hybrid Administrator Associate;

Availability: February 2022;

All exam topics are detailed here;

Role: this exam is aimed at Azure and Microsoft 365 administrators and architects.;

Ideal experience in: deploying and managing on-premises, hybrid or cloud solutions. Handling Compute, Storage, Networking and Identity;

Tools: Familiarity and experience with Azure VM configuration, deployment and administration through the Azure portal; Windows Admin Center, Azure Container Services (ACS), Hyper-V, Powershell, Azure Arc etc.;

Microsoft Learn path: Available here.

AZ-801 Configuring Windows Server Hybrid Advanced Services

Certification title: Windows Server Hybrid Administrator Associate;

Availability: February 2022.

All exam topics are detailed here.

Role: this exam is aimed at Azure and Microsoft 365 administrators and architects;

Ideal experience in: same as for AZ-800 plus a focus on managing security, migration, High Availability, Disaster Recovery, troubleshooting and monitoring;

Tools: same as for AZ-800 plus Azure Migrate, Azure Monitor, Azure Security Center;

Microsoft Learn path: Available here.

Microsoft October Updates – Certs, Azure, Licensing

Lavinia Spatariu | November 1st, 2021

Microsoft Technical Updates

Microsoft Certification Updates

Microsoft Certification Poster (October 2021)

Microsoft Licensing Updates

  • Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise (the former Office 365 ProPlus) is now considered an Enterprise Online Service. This new designation applies to User, Device and From SA SLs and only to EA/EAS enrollments started after July 1st, 2021. This change also means that this product does not need to be purchased Enterprise-wide and organizations have the option to start an Enterprise Online-Services-only agreement with 500 licenses.
  • On November 1st, Microsoft introduces Microsoft 365 A1 per Device licensing. This new Education offering will provide all Microsoft 365 applications, Teams, Minecraft and cloud management capabilities for $38 per device.

Other Updates

There is a new MVP Award Category for Windows 365! See all award categories here.

Generally Available: On-Demand Capacity Reservations for Azure VMs

Lavinia Spatariu | March 29th, 2022

On Sep 8th 2021, Microsoft announced the public preview of On-demand Capacity Reservations for Azure Virtual Machines. What this means is that organizations now have the option to reserve Compute capacity with a guaranteed SLA without having to make a monetary commitment. Once enabled, the capacity becomes available instantly and it remains dedicated only to your resources, for as long as you need it. On March 28th 2022, On-Demand Capacity Reservations for VMs became generally available. Azure Site Recovery also integrates with capacity reservations (GA on March 28 also).

How is this different from Azure Reservations?

Although both options are available for Azure VMs, there are some key differences between on-demand capacity reservations and Reserved VM Instances (RIs). The two can be combined however for significant cost savings.

From the Announcement page

When should On-Demand Capacity Reservations be used?

Capacity Reservations should be considered every time an organization has compelling capacity needs and workload prioritization is of essence. Some common use cases:

  • Anticipated peak capacity events such as a new product launch;
  • Mission-critical applications which rely on underlying compute resources;
  • Disaster Recovery (and outside DR times, the reserved capacity can be transferred to other resources).

Which VM types does this apply to?

B-series, General-Purpose (Av2, Dv2 and newer generations), memory-optimized (Ev3 and newer) and Compute-optimized (Fv1 and newer). Microsoft is planning to expand the eligible VM range in the future and will be making the on-demand capacity reservation option available to Azure VMs for the US Government as well.

How does it all work?

  • Capacity reservations can be started at any time and can also be deleted at any time.
  • There is no commitment which means the price of the running VM will still depend on its configuration (size, region etc). You need to select either an Azure region or an Availability zone and a quantity. Once these parameters are defined for the required reservation, you are effectively sending a capacity request which will be accepted or denied (if Azure does not have the specified capacity available). When the reservation is accepted, you can start assigning VMs to it.
  • The quantity can be changed later on but the region and the VM size cannot. If you need to change these two properties, Microsoft recommends to delete the existing reservation and create a new one based on the new size and location needs.

How does Billing work and what if I already have Reserved Instances?

  • If you currently have 1-year or 3-year RIs in place, the discounts will be automatically applied to the eligible VMs and so reserved capacity and Reserved Instances can be used together. If you reserve 10 VMs and 5 of them are covered by an existing RI, then you only pay for the remaining 5 VMs (until the end of the RI term or until the committed amount is consumed, whichever comes first). More detailed info on billing can be found here.
  • Very important: make sure the reserved capacity is actually used once activated because you will start getting billed for the compute resources you reserved straight away, whether you use them or not. If for example you reserve 10 VMs but only deploy 5 VMs with the reserved capacity as a property, you will still incur charges for all 10 VMs.

Are there any limitations?

Capacity reservation cannot be transferred to other Azure subscriptions during Preview and is not available for:

  • Free Azure Trials or Azure for Students;
  • Availability Sets, Dedicated Azure Hosts, Spot VMs;
  • Proximity Placement Group, UltraSSD Storage, Update Domains;
  • Deployments with more than 3 Fault Domains (FDs);

How to use on-demand Capacity Reservations for Azure Virtual Machines

Tech Community Blog

Microsoft Certification Exam Updates (Sep 2021)

Lavinia Spatariu | Sep 13th, 2021

Evolving technology means evolving certification content. Microsoft exams regularly get updated in order to reflect technology developments, product name changes and sometimes a change in focus.

On September 24th, 2021 most Azure and Microsoft 365 certifications are getting updated. The most significant changes however will be made to the two Security-focused exams: AZ-500 Azure Security Technologies and MS-500 Microsoft 365 Security Administration which is the reason why I would recommend having a close look at the Skills Measured documents if you’re pursuing either of these exams. PL-200 Power Platform Functional Consultant will see some major changes as well.

There is no upcoming update to any of the Fundamentals exams and there are three exams still in Beta testing: AZ-700 Azure Networking, MB-340 Dynamics 365 Commerce Functional Consultant and MS-740 Troubleshooting Microsoft Teams. Interestingly, MS-740 is actually on hold at the moment due to Business-critical feedback from customers and there is no timeframe yet for when it will be made available again.

Below you can find all the Microsoft exams which will be updated this month along with some practical information about the certification process.

Microsoft Certification Overview

Practical information